The Institute for Justice fights to end government abuses of power and defends constitutional rights, empowering Americans to pursue their dreams. To end these abuses, IJ challenges the government at all legal levels, including the U.S. Supreme Court, where it has argued 13 cases spanning property rights, educational choice, economic liberty, and free speech. By winning at the highest court, IJ aims to create broad, positive impacts for all Americans.

13

Cases litigated at the Supreme CourtCases litigated at the Supreme Court

7

IJ has won a total of 11 cases before the court, with seven wins in the last seven years.

20%

IJ’s petitions to the Supreme Court are granted at a rate substantially above the national average, on par with the most respected members of the Supreme Court bar.

Recent Supreme Court Case

WIN

Martin v. United States

The FBI Raided the Wrong Home—the Government Refuses to Pay for the Damage

Cert Petitions

Recent Cert Petitions Granted

Pending Cert Petitions

Impact

Private Property

Timbs v. Indiana

There Are Limits: IJ Takes Excessive Fines Case to the U.S. Supreme Court

  • In the aftermath of IJ’s landmark win in Timbs v. Indiana, the courts of 19 states have expressly acknowledged that their states are bound by the Excessive Fines Clause. While there is still plenty of work to do in developing caselaw under the Clause, the fact that the Excessive Fines Clause applies to the states gives advocates two court systems—state and federal—in which they can raise Excessive Fines Clause claims.
  • IJ’s multiple trips to the Indiana Supreme Court in State v. Timbs produced the most rigorous excessive fines clause analysis by any court to date. While other state courts have yet to adopt the reasoning of the Indiana Supreme Court in their own interpretation of the Excessive Fines Clause or their state constitutional counterparts, the opinion will serve as a guide for litigants and courts as the law develops.
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Economic Liberty

Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Association v. Thomas

Can States Bar Newcomers from Owning a Business?

  • Thanks to our win in Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Association v. Thomas, Tennessee no longer requires residency as a condition for a liquor license.
  • Since then, six other states have amended their laws to remove their durational residency requirements: Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, and Virginia.
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First Amendment

Gonzalez v. Trevino

Texas Woman Fights Back After Local Officials in Castle Hills Have Her Arrested and Jailed For Criticizing City Government

  • In the first few weeks of the term following Gonzalez, the Court reversed two bad retaliation decisions in Murphy v. Schmitt and Villarreal v. City of Laredo sending an unmistakable message that First Amendment retaliation cases are easier to bring.
  • Since its release, the opinion has been cited over 60 times.
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Educational Choice

Educational Choice Impact

Fighting to get educational choice for all

For three decades, religion was the main basis on which teachers’ unions and other opponents attacked educational choice programs. They argued that because choice programs offer parents religious, alongside non-religious, options, the programs violated the Establishment Clause of the federal Constitution, as well as the Blaine Amendments found in a majority of state constitutions.

In a trio of victories at the U.S. Supreme Court, IJ roundly defeated this line of attack:

  • In 2002’s Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, the Supreme Court held that including religious options in a choice program is perfectly permissibly under the Establishment Clause.
  • In 2020’s Espinoza v. Montana, the Court held that the Free Exercise Clause of the U.S. Constitution prevents a state Blaine Amendment from being applied to exclude schools from a choice program simply because of their religious status, or affiliation.
  • And in 2022’s Carson v. Makin, the Court held that it likewise violates the Free Exercise Clause for a state to bar a parent’s choice of school because of the religious instruction it provides or the religious activities in which it engages.

With these three victories, IJ established that it is constitutionally permissible to include religious options in educational choice programs, but also that it is constitutionally impermissible to exclude them.

Our Supreme Court Cases

Texas Woman Fights Back After Local Officials in Castle Hills Have Her Arrested and Jailed For Criticizing City Government

First Amendment | First Amendment Retaliation | Immunity and Accountability

Texas Woman Fights Back After Local Officials in Castle Hills Have Her Arrested and Jailed For Criticizing City Government

After she won her election to city council, Sylvia Gonzalez immediately began getting harassed by city officials whom she had criticized in the past. It got so bad she was even arrested and thrown in jail. In 2020, she joined with IJ to sue the city for violating her First Amendment and to hold officials accountable.